The Story Of The Flivver King History Essay

The Story Of The Flivver King History Essay In the narrative of the Flivver King, Upton Sinclair composed this book from the period in the mid twentieth century about of one of Americans most well known independent business pioneers of the twentieth century, Henry Ford. The creator clarifies the story through the eyes of an anecdotal character that reveres Ford since early on, that character is Abner Shutt. Abner is the primary character in the book and from his perspective Sinclair shows the peruser how Ford began as a man who was believed to be a crazy person for his thoughts of making a carriage that can move without the assistance of a pony, to getting one of the most compelling individuals of his time. The story follows the thoughts and development of what might turn into the Ford Motor Company through the eyes of the Shutt family, essentially Abner since he in the end works for Ford and advances himself in the organization gradually. The story likewise shows how Abner develops into a family man who works for Ford for a l ong time and how Henry Ford begins with incredible expectations, splendid goals, and trusts in his organization and the laborers in it. As appeared in the book, one of Fords trusts toward the start of the story is that he would have the option to have his laborers gain enough cash so they may likewise have the way to purchase a vehicle. Upton Sinclair shows how Ford changes during the story and how toward the finish of the story, Ford and his standards are changed by power and two or three billion of dollars. The loved pioneer of Ford had become his very own detainee riches and influence. In this story, Upton Sinclair needs the laborer who is Abner Shutt to accumulate with different specialists and structure a solid trade guild. During the story Abner isn't holding back to arrange anything like a Union at Ford because of his convictions of what Henry Ford is about as an individual and how much difficulty it can conceivably get him in. Sinclair initially composed this book for the United Automobile Workers of America in the late 1930s so individuals during this timeframe would comprehend that laborers ought to have some essential rights to work in a sheltered domain with reasonable hours and pay. Right now when the new century rolled over, a considerable lot of the laborers who might move to America for work would regularly be misused at numerous levels. This occurred in a wide range of production lines other than the car industrial facilities; Sinclair had seen assembly line laborer misuse direct in meat pressing processing plants. Upton Sinclair was attempting to be simply one more creator as well as a progressive extremist for the laborers, who endeavored to show individuals firsthand what laborers needed to manage when they were in the production lines. By making books like the Flivver King, Sinclair was endeavoring to show how much force the pioneers of a significant organization can have and how it is unscrupulous. Sinclair likewise shows how the force hungry pioneers can begin with honest goals and afterward simply long for increasingly more force. During this time Upton Sinclair understood that during this time when America was in another major mechanical transformation after Ford and the introduction of the significant vehicle industry. Individuals who had standards like Sinclair needed to see increasingly government guidelines in the American vehicle industry and he was demonstrating how organization pioneers like Henry Ford would be against guideline and capacity to the laborers since he feels that he would need to have the most concei vable authority over his organization and laborers all in all. Upton Sinclair felt that our country right now expected to build up a solid association where the laborers can really find support from a more grounded association while conflicting with the partnerships. Sinclair needed a solid Union to enable laborers to get what he feels they merit, rather than turning out to be simply one more gear-tooth in the machine known as the manhandled modern workforce at that point. In the wake of perusing this book one would believe that the motivation behind why there is no solid nearness of a worker's guild in this nation is a direct result of the hazard that it introduced for laborers at that point. In the Flivver King, Henry Ford utilized hooligans and goons to scare individuals from not creating an uproar and not bringing the any sort of association into his organization. Upton Sinclair said this in the book, as an ambushed American communist in a general public that is commonly unsympathetic to the predicament of the less lucky, Sinclair considered the topic of why Socialism didn't increase an a dependable balance in the brains of the American specialists. (Sinclair, Preface viii, xi) Reading this from Sinclair causes the peruser to accept that since communism didn't increase a strong ground in the outlooks of the assembly line laborers at the time forestalled an opportunity and at a solid trade guild, and it shows the peruser that Americans can show minimal thoughtful to the individuals who don't have a way of life just as their own. Subsequent to understanding this, obviously Sinclair feels sorry for the American laborer of this timespan and he feels that in the event that they could have grasped an increasingly communist outlook, there could have been an association to shield them from being misused and potentially terminated just by referencing the general thought of attempting to begin or go along with anything like an association. Different issues in the work place were laborers being murdered by different elements like poor or hazardous work conditions, savage dissent and strikes, and being beaten hooligans. Sinclair felt that in view of the troublesome working conditions, a guideline was required from a higher force, and that higher force would be our own one of a kind government. He likewise felt that the individuals expected to stand up and accomplish something with the goal for anything to occur. In the book, Sinclair utilizes Abners child Tom for instance of individual attempting to have any kind of effect by endeavoring to make worker's organizations for automobile laborers a reality. Tom Shutt who was a college alum from the University of Michigan was at one time a specialist at a Ford gear plant, he was inevitably was recorded as a difficulty creator by the organization and he was demonstrated working for the United Auto Workers. Tom would go into the towns where Ford had incredible impact he would attempt to show individuals how they can get the organization to join the association. This end up being an exceptionally risky activity, particularly in the towns where The Ford Motor Company had a solid effect. Additionally Sinclair gives us that insatiability that was a typical topic in the book didn't assist any endeavors with starting worker's guilds in the automobile business. Sinclair accepted that since characters like Ford had such a lot of cash and force at that point, they could likewise acquire political impact by endeavoring to encourage the individuals to cast a ballot a for a specific up-and-comer so their approaches can keep up the norm and keep worker's guilds from turning into a reality. Only a couple of years after this book was composed there was a progressing fight for Ford to Unionize, the United Auto Workers won, and now even today Ford Motor Company is a piece of the UAW. In the story, Upton Sinclair utilized the primary characters somehow or another or another to help his contentions for why there ought to be a worker's guild for the laborers in the auto processing plants. With his portrayal of Henry Ford an independent tycoon who gets adulterated by the cash, power, and the very realm he made. From the outset individuals thought of Ford a screwball with grandiose thoughts, Abners mother said on the absolute first page of the book that he is an insane individual who is simply dawdling throughout the day. After Ford refutes the skeptics he makes a solid after, and one of his most steadfast devotees happens to be Abner. The peculiar and misconstrued designer picked up such a great amount of influence in a moderately short measure of time, and the influence and riches transformed a serene and progressive creator into an influence hungry corporate pioneer who needed to control everything around him. The following character that Sinclair utilizes is Abner Shutt, a dependable Ford adherent since early on since he saw the beginnings of Ford on Bagely Street in Detroit, and later a representative of Henry Ford. Abner had all the earmarks of being careless in regards to some of things that happened at the Ford Company at that point. For the majority of the book he would address Mr. Passage with the highest regard. With the organization developing into a worldwide business powerhouse Abner saw the organization ascend from humble start and with legitimate goals. Later Abner saw the organization develop to have spies and posse individuals working for Ford to forestall any sort of activity that Ford himself dislike. Abner even had one of his own relatives Tom Shutt, endure on account of the group individuals for attempting to have any kind of effect for the assembly line laborers. On the off chance that an appropriate specialists association would have been built up before on, possibly his child Tom would not have been beaten by the hooliga ns at Ford. Sinclair utilizes this convincing story to open the eyes of Americans to give them some of things that happened to individuals who attempted to have any kind of effect on the planet for the entirety of the vehicle laborers in America. He additionally shows how cash and force can overpower individuals who begin with great and clean goals to help and offer items to the individuals who can't bear the cost of it or give great advantages to their laborers. With this bit of writing, we currently can see the amount of a need there is for an a car laborers association, so we can abstain from falling go into a period where laborers can be terminated for an inappropriate reasons or executed by the organization hooligans for endeavoring to make a wellbeing net for the auto production line workforce.

Taliesin West Essay Example

Taliesin West Essay â€Å"Human houses ought not resemble boxes, blasting in the sun, nor should we shock the Machine by attempting to make homes excessively reciprocal to Machinery. Any structure for accommodating purposes ought to be a basic, thoughtful component of the ground, reciprocal to its inclination condition, having a place by family relationship with the landscape. † Frank Lloyd Wright Brilliant, uplifting, compelling, inventive; these are an only a couple of descriptive words that delineate an extremely huge man with numerous qualities. A pioneer in his field of work and study, Frank Lloyd Wright has a plenty of design magnum opuses spread out all through the world. Wright was conceived In Richland Center, Wisconsin on June 8, 1867. His dad gave him the adoration for music, yet it was his mom who urged him to turn into a modeler. Wright went to Madison High School, and it was without further ado where he initially started to understand his yearnings of being a designer. Subsequent to dropping out of secondary school, and two semesters of examining structural designing at the University of Wisconsin, Wright moved to Chicago in 1887. We will compose a custom exposition test on Taliesin West explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Taliesin West explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Taliesin West explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Wright looked for some kind of employment at the compositional firm of Joseph Lyman Silsbee, anyway Wrights aspiration took him to the design firm of Alder and Sullivan. Louis Sullivan was a motivational figure in Wrights vocation and inevitably drove him to be the draftsman is he known as today. Wright adjusted Sullivan’s motto â€Å"form follows function† and transformed it into the expression â€Å"form and work are one. † It was correct then when Wright brought the word ‘organic’ into his way of thinking of engineering. A term that was instituted by Frank Lloyd Wright himself, Organic engineering is the harmonization between human home and the regular habitat. It endeavors to involve an incentive for normal materials, mixing in with the earth and environmental factors, with a characteristic articulation of the capacity of the structure. Natural engineering, as Frank Lloyd Wright characterized it, implies â€Å"not simply seeing nature however investigating it. † This implies a designer must focus on everything around him, breaking down and seeing each part of the environmental factors. Natural design is a lot of like vernacular engineering and basic regionalism. The structure or structure would watch totally strange if it somehow managed to be set anyplace else. It has to do with the spot it is just as the way of life around it. Wright has various ventures that embody his natural methodology, however none show it just as his own one of a kind Taliesin West. Taliesin West is worked out of the stone and sand of the earth that had been assembled and found from the encompassing region by Wright himself and his understudies. He utilized this â€Å"rammed earth† much like Rick Joy had done in his studio in Tucson, to cause the structure to show up as though it had shot up out of the desert soil and developed to show up the manner in which it shows up simply by time and age, giving the structure a feeling of having a place inside its unique situation. The area of the structure is as though it is ceaseless, with only earth, rock, and mountains out there encompassing the grounds. Taliesin west takes after Wrights other natural work, in explicit Falling Water. The two structures have scarcely any bends, and both are centered around solids and holes. The truth of the two structures isn't simply the structures however the spaces inside the structures. Taliesin west is a splendid case of natural design if not his best as a result of its characteristic characteristics that seep out of the desert sand like a vine overflowing out of a divider. Wrights structural vision was to make a grounds that was in absolute amicability with the encompassing nature. Local rocks were pulled from close by with a characteristic shading that copies the desert tint. Red wooden rafters as pair to the conventional style rooftop that ties together a translucent canvas that adorns the brilliant sun upon the inside of the structure. Everything about the structure is in a state of harmony with the environmental factors. Taliesin West is the thing that Ken Frampton would call Critical territorial engineering. A spot a lot of like Moore Lyndon Whitaker’s Sea Ranch or Alvar Aalto’s Finish Pavilion where it must be found where it is. A visit through Taliesin West would begin at his office. In any case, directly before you enter, your consideration is hindered by the lively, yet complex Asian model that remained before the passage. The possibility of him consolidating Asian craftsmanship inside his structure didn't astound me be that as it may. Since the time his visit to the Columbian display in Chicago, Wright was firmly affected by Asian design and workmanship, and had represented his gratefulness for human expressions by fusing them all through his structures. The figure that lies by the front passage of Taliesin West is one of numerous models that’s cattered around the structure, and it represents a change into the accompanying territory. The accompanying territory is the Office and Wrights low maintenance structure studio. The structure is a light and open room, with uncovered wooden shafts supporting a translucent canvas rooftop and somewhat inclined dividers that give the deception that the ground i s at an inclination. A low drafting table remained in the stay with seats encompassing it confronting the contiguous dividers. It is a studio and a space where Wright indicated his customers his work and thoughts. The noteworthiness of this particular structure is clear from the second you enter its area. The entryway, witch isn't formed like an entryway you will discover in a normal place of business or home, is intended to be intentionally dull, restricted, and low, nearly looking like a casket. This Japanese method is a trademark of Wrights style and is called â€Å"compression and discharge. † It powers the guest to bow and passes on a sentiment of a grasp before the abrupt difference of discharge into a live with an out of nowhere raised roof loaded up with common light. These short and restricted doorways additionally urge guests to not prowl and square portals. The open space is structured efficiently so there is a space for his customers to plunk down (on seats he planned himself), and a territory where Mr. Wright can show his drawings. The dividers of the structure where worked of the equivalent indigenous rocks that are spread out all through the whole site, a surface that shows up unpleasant and smudged. These stones are the shading they are not from fake paint however from age. The harmonies of these intrinsic hues are utilized to accomplish cognizance. John Meunier, planner and educator utilized the regular block shading to accomplish shading congruity in his own home, a method affected by Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright utilizes common surfaces in his usonian houses to epitomize â€Å"Truth to materials. † Frank Lloyd Wright doesn’t place things into his activities since he enjoys it or he thinks it looks great, all that he does has worth and capacity. All through the whole grounds there are openings hung with canvas. The canvas concedes a delicate diffused light, removing the shadow, and in this way making it simpler to draw. Toward the side of the workplace stands a chimney. The chimneys are in pretty much every room, and thinking about the geographic area of the grounds, it might appear to be a little odd that a chimney was one of the steady highlights to each room. Be that as it may, Wright utilized the chimneys not as warming gadgets yet rather a representative motion to represent family, and solace. Wright utilized the representative chimney in the Robbie house also, one of his most famous houses. The following structure is a plan studio caught in on the two sides with another chimney toward one side and a vault to store his artistic creations on the opposite end. The studio disregards the depressed nursery and a strengthening pool of water that mirrors the flickering sun. The pool was not utilized for delight, anyway it was set right close to studio and kitchen if there should be an occurrence of a fire so one could run out 15 yards and douse themselves liberated from flares. Wright felt ameliorated by the sounds and sight of water and picked a triangular formed reflecting pool to satisfy his wife’s wants. The site is imperfect with other water highlights giving it a feeling of request, remembering a roundabout wellspring for the patio and a metal dish-wellspring at the passageway. Around evening time, the pool is enlightened giving the site a differentiation of what it resembles during the day. Straight to the point Lloyd Wright was a performer. The lounge room, a manipulative, vaporous space, with low roofs, worked in seats that he planned and an amazing piano was a room intended to engage. Numerous visitors, frequently acclaimed, stayed with his unbelievable â€Å"Taliesin Evenings. † Again, nearly everything Wright joins into his structures has a reason. That reality is the same in the front room. The roofs low to drive the visitors to plunk down and the seats worked in to force the visitors to take a gander at the slope and sky that untruths directly outside the structure. The seats in witch he planned himself where purposely manufactured awkwardly so the client doesn’t stay there excessively long. There is additionally a purposeful absence of divider space for fine art since Wrights engineering was the work of art. There are various windows to enlighten the open space with common light during the day, and on the grounds that Wright hated to take a gander at power, he quietly positioned lights under the rooftop rafters to illuminate the family room around evening time. The innovation of the room is very critical with its own one of a kind indoor drain framework that streams water through the shafts, and furthermore has a cooling framework that blows invigorating virus air

Serotonin Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Serotonin Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Serotonin Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 11, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 18, 2020 GregorBister/Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Risk Factors Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome View All Back To Top Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition thats caused by elevated serotonin concentrations in your system from certain medications. Serotonin is a chemical called a neurotransmitter that communicates with nerve cells and has a wide variety of functions throughout your body, primarily in your central nervous system and intestines. In the right amounts, serotonin is necessary, but when your body builds up too much and your levels get too high, symptoms can range from unpleasant to severe. If its left untreated, serotonin syndrome can potentially lead to death.?? Causes Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity, happens as the result of taking serotonergic drugs, medications that affect the level of serotonin in your body. It may be brought on by several different circumstances including:?? Taking one serotonergic medication: Its unlikely that using one serotonergic medication by itself will cause serotonin syndrome, but it can happen in certain people who are sensitive to serotonin, especially when the dose is increased.Overdosing: You can end up with serotonin syndrome if you ingest too much of your serotonergic medication(s), whether or not its purposeful.Taking two serotonergic medications together: The majority of cases involve a person taking two (or more) serotonergic drugs at the same time, often without realizing it. The medications that are most often associated with serotonin syndrome are antidepressants such as:?? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Paxil (paroxetine), Prozac (fluoxetine), and Celexa (citalopram)Wellbutrin (bupropion), which is also used for smoking cessation under the brand name ZybanSerotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Cymbalta (duloxetine), Pristiq (desvenlafaxine), and Effexor (venlafaxine)Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, Pamelor (nortriptyline), and Surmontil (trimipramine)Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like Nardil (phenelzine) and Parnate (tranylcypromine) There are other medications that are also considered serotonergic drugs, though they may not be as well-known.?? Some examples of these include: Migraine medications called triptans such as Axert (almotriptan), Amerge (naratriptan), Imitrex (sumatriptan), and Maxalt (rizatriptan)??Anticonvulsants like Tegretol (carbamazepine) and Depakene (valproic acid), which are used for migraines, epilepsy, and bipolar disorderOpioid pain medications such as Ultram (tramadol), codeine (Tylenol with codeine), Demerol (meperidine), Talwin (pentazocine), and Oxycontin (oxycodone)5-HT3 receptor antagonists, which treat nausea, like Anzemet (dolasetron), granisetron, Zofran (ondansetron), and Aloxi (palonosetron)Reglan (metoclopramide), a prokinetic medication thats used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), diabetes, and sometimes to treat nausea in chemotherapy patientsOver-the-Counter cough and cold medications that contain dextromethorphan like Childrens Robitussin Cough Long-Acting, Vicks DayQuil Cough, Vicks Formula 44 Custom Care Dry Cough, Zicam Cough MAX, and many others, including a combination cough and cold medications t hat have dextromethorphan in themErgot derivatives, including Ergomar (ergotamine) for migraines and Methergine (methylergonovine) for uterine bleeding after childbirthA muscle relaxant called Amrix (cyclobenzaprine)Buspirone, a medication thats prescribed for anxiety disorders Other substances and supplements that can contribute to serotonin syndrome include:?? St. Johns WortIllegal/illicit drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy, and LSDL-tryptophan, an over-the-counter amino acid supplement that people use to quit smoking, for mental health disorders, and to help athletic performanceLithobid (lithium), a mood stabilizer thats often used to treat bipolar disorder All of these drugs and substances affect serotonin in some way. Some block nerve receptors; some block reuptake; some slow the breakdown of serotonin; and some increase the release of serotonin. Because so many medications can contribute to serotonin syndrome, its essential that any doctors you see who prescribe you medication always know about all the over-the-counter and prescription medications and supplements youre currently taking. Risk Factors Your risk of developing serotonin syndrome goes up under these circumstances:?? You just started taking a serotonergic medication like one of those mentioned above or you had your dose increased. Some peoples bodies are naturally slower than others are at metabolizing serotonin, and this isnt something you or your doctor will know until you are on a drug that boosts serotonin. Most cases of serotonin syndrome start within 24 hours after starting or increasing a serotonergic medication and the majority of those start within six hours. Youre switching from an MAOI to another antidepressant or vice versa. Almost all antidepressants contain a warning that you should wait for at least two weeks, and sometimes more, when you switch antidepressant types. One of the main reasons for this is the danger that having both types of drugs in your system can lead to serotonin syndrome. Prozac (fluoxetine) in particular takes several weeks to be flushed out of your body.Youre taking more than one serotonergic medication, supplement, or substance at the same time. For instance, youre on Wellbutrin for depression and you take an Imitrex for a migraine or youre taking Zoloft (sertraline) and you treat a cold with DayQuil. Symptoms Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can be mild to severe indicating anything from a slight serotonin excess to a life-threatening syndrome. The most common symptoms include:?? Sudden jerky or shock-like movementsFlushing or palenessSlow or fast pulseFeverHeadacheAnxietyMuscle rigidityConfusionRestlessnessProfuse sweatingTremorDilated pupilsPoor coordinationRapid breathingIrregular heartbeatHigh blood pressureShivering If your condition becomes severe, it can turn into a life-threatening situation and may include signs like:High feverSudden swings in your blood pressure and/or pulseSeizuresLosing consciousness If you suspect you or a loved one is showing signs of serotonin syndrome, contact your doctor immediately. If your symptoms are getting worse or theyre severe, head to the emergency room, or call 911. Quick treatment is important because you can become seriously ill and your condition can become fatal the longer you go untreated. Diagnosis Because the symptoms are similar to many other issues, you wont be diagnosed with serotonin syndrome until every other possible diagnosis has been ruled out. This is mainly because serotonin syndrome has to be diagnosed purely on your symptoms, history, and your physical and neurological exam. Other conditions that you will likely have ruled out include:?? Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), another drug-related disorder that has some of the same symptoms as serotonin syndrome but results from antipsychotics. The biggest difference is that serotonin syndrome generally comes on quickly after starting the trigger medication.Infections like meningitis and encephalitisAn overdose of a substance like cocaine.Withdrawal from alcohol or drugsIntoxicationReactions to other medications The tests you may have to rule these conditions out include: Blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC), blood cultures to test for infection, and other blood tests that check your electrolytes, screen for drugs and alcohol, and check your kidney, thyroid, and liver functionUrine tests to screen for drugs and alcohol, as well as to look at your kidney functionComputed tomography (CT) scan of your brainElectrocardiogram (ECT) to check your heartLumbar puncture (spinal tap) to evaluate your spinal fluidChest X-ray Treatment Once youve been diagnosed with serotonin syndrome, the first line of treatment is to discontinue all serotonergic drugs.?? Benzodiazepines like Valium (diazepam) or Ativan (lorazepam) may be helpful to relieve any muscular symptoms, and you may need supportive treatment like oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluids and stabilization of vital signs. Drugs that specifically act against serotonin, called serotonin antagonists, can potentially be useful. For mild to moderate cases, your symptoms should subside within 24 to 72 hours once youve discontinued taking the serotonergic drug and you can expect to fully recover. If your symptoms are worrisome, your doctor may have you hospitalized until youre stabilized. In cases where youre exhibiting signs of severe serotonin syndrome, youll likely need to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) until all your symptoms are gone. For high fever, you may need to be sedated and given a medication that keeps you still (paralytic) to avoid any more damage to your muscles. Youll also have a breathing tube and ventilator. SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome It should be noted that some of the same symptoms listed above may also occur when you abruptly stop taking an antidepressant or you taper it off too quickly, known as SSRI discontinuation syndrome. ??Agitation, headaches, shock-like sensations, poor coordination, chills, and impaired concentration are some of the characteristics common to both syndromes. Because of this risk, its vital that you never stop taking your antidepressant abruptly without discussing with your doctor.

Iron in Human Nutrition Free Essay Example, 1000 words

A defect in hemoglobin synthesis results in the red blood cells that are normally small and contain a small amount of hemoglobin. When these conditions persist, the capacity of the blood to supply the oxygen and deliver it to the body is reduced. The cells, therefore, do not get enough blood hence their performance is reduced. The foods that are rich in iron are those that contain vitamin C like the fruits which include oranges, mangoes, lemons avocado among others. The food will add the quality and quantity of iron in the body. There is also a combination of plant sources and animal source. T he animal sources include fish and poultry. The fish particular those in salty water provide a better iron than those in the fresh water. It is therefore important to eat the sea fish to maintain the iron in the body. The poultry includes chicken, duck, and turkey. There is iron in their bones which very healthy for the body to function and grow well. Sometimes women eat the iron from the soi l (Scherio, et. al., 2007). It is very risky for health even it is done. it expose the life to danger and some other complication in the body systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Iron in Human Nutrition or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Such kind of practices is very destructive to body organ because they lead to accumulation of other materials in the body systems, therefore, hindering their functions. The level of iron in the body is affected by age and the amount of foot taken by individuals. The greatest need of iron in the body is during growth and period of blood loss. Blood is lost during the menstrual period among the adolescent and young women below the menu pause period. During this time these groups need to feed on iron-rich foods for them to restore the blood in the period. Young children require adequate amounts of iron because they are growing (Weinberg, 2007). The new tissues and body organs will require a lot of iron and therefore they are required to take enough food rich in irons. The amount of food, on the other hand, depending on the further balance of the nutrient contents in the food taken. The food needs to have all the quantities taken in the right proportio n. In conclusion, iron-rich should take because they are essential for the body growth.

The Diagnosis Of Cancer, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, And Hiv Aids

The diagnosis is one of the most important factors which influence the outcome of diseases but still it is ignored on a large scale by people. In cases of chronic diseases such as cancer, HIV-AIDS, and tuberculosis, the problem of late diagnosis is severe which causes high number of casualties. The physical symptoms may take time to appear in some cases of cancer. When a person starts to notice the symptoms, the disease is already in a late stage. In India, 70 percent of cancer patients consult the doctor at the terminal stage, according to doctors. Thus, late diagnosis of diseases is a serious concern globally and rigorous research is being done to invent innovative techniques to tackle this problem. In this study, the cases of breast†¦show more content†¦A cancer tumor often produces a specific protein in the blood that serves as a marker for the cancer. Circulating tumor cells are cells that break off from the cancer and move into the blood stream. Protein markers and cir culating tumor cells can be measured with simple blood tests. This method is not specific in nature as one marker may be common for multiple types of cancer. Hence, other tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis of breast cancer. For example, presence of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) marker is associated with colon, lung, and liver cancer. It also suggests that breast cancer has travelled to other parts of body. iii) Breast MRI: MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, is a technology that uses magnets and radio waves to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the inside of the body. Breast MRI has a number of different uses for breast cancer, including: screening high-risk women (women known to be at higher than average risk for breast cancer, either because of a strong family history or a gene abnormality), and gathering more information about an area of suspicion found on a mammogram or ultrasound, monitoring for recurrence after treatment. iv) FISH Test: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a test that maps the genetic material in a person’s cells. This test can be used to visualize specific genes or portions of genes. FISH testing is done on breast cancer tissue removed during biopsy toShow MoreRelatedEpidemiology Paper1518 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Epidemiology paper: Tuberculosis Epidemiology Paper: Tuberculosis Richard Doria Grand Canyon University NRS-427V October 5, 2014 Epidemiology Paper: Tuberculosis â€Å"Tuberculosis (TB), a multisystem disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalenceRead MorePulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex ( Mac ) Infection1337 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Abstract Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection may represent the next major health concern for immunocompromised patients; however the exact pathogenesis remains largely unknown. 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Essential Journal One Free Essays

This paper will also validate what I have learnt by providing examples of personal or professional experiences as it relates to essentials I and II. Lastly this paper will describe future learning needs necessary to achieve each essential. Annihilation of Learning The past 1 7 months at Nova Southeastern has molded me in understanding why a BBS degree was/is the standard for entry into the nursing practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Journal One or any similar topic only for you Order Now An associate degree in nursing (DAN) and diploma nurses came about due to the massive shortage that the nursing profession was facing. According to Alton (201 1) â€Å"one rational for the push for BBS nurses is because recent studies have indicated that there is decreased morbidity, mortality, and failure-to-rescue rates in hospitals that employ larger percentages of baccalaureate prepared nurse† (p. 257). Essential I Essential I talked about the liberal education for baccalaureate generalist nursing practice. According to the (American Association of College of Nursing CAN], (2008) â€Å"nursing graduates with a liberal education exercises clinical judgment, understanding the reasoning behind policies and standards, and respect responsibility for continued development of self and the discipline of nursing† (p. 1 1). Obtaining my BBS has shaped the way I View patient care especially in terms of the many theory developed by nursing theorist. Evidence base practice has given me the insight into better and safer patient care while being able to teach others about what I’ve learnt. Essential II Essential II talks about the basic organizational and systems leadership for quality care and patient safety. Courses taken like leadership, budget and pathologically has equipped us to be better leaders, given us a greater understanding of disease processes, organizational skills needed to manage units, and lastly explore the many ways to improve quality of care and patient safety. The CAN (2008) states that a â€Å"baccalaureate nursing graduates are distinguished by their abilities to identify, assess, and evaluate practice in care delivery models that are based in contemporary nursing science and are feasible within current culture, economic, organizational, and political prospective† (p. 13). Validation of Learning As patient acuity increases along with technological advances in healthcare, we as nurses need to be more educated in order to provide the best care possible to our patients. It is a disservice to our patients for nurses to be comfortable with a two year degree without thought of advancement. Yes a nurse is a nurse, but being well rounded with the educational knowledge needed to better solve complex problems, provide better leadership qualities, and understand evidence base practice is all part of the critical liberal education a BBS degree provides. Essential Example One of the most influential class think was my budget class. The number en reason for this was due to the lack of knowledge about the topic. After completing the course it has help me to realize just how integral each and every one of us are to the budget process. Understanding that healthcare is a business and every item that is used has a cost associated with it gives us the nurse a better awareness. Essential II Example Being able to differentiate between a good leader and a good manager, and learning what it takes to be both are some Of the things I have taken from my adhering class. Throughout my BBS journey Vive learned the reason why core measures were being done on my previous unit for each Congestive earth failure (CHEF) and Myocardial Infarction (MI) admission. Evidence base practice has help me to bridge the gap between nurse patient ratios and medication errors which as a AND nurse could not be conceptualized. Future Learning Needs As navigate through my last 3 course to becoming a Bachelor prepared nurse, believe these courses will provide me with the skills needed to easily adapt to any future learning need that will arise. Being a nurse requires a commitment to lifelong learning. Most if not all of the potential learning outcomes outlined in essential I and II have been reach or is in the process of Ewing reached, from each class I have taken at Nova Southeastern. Conclusion In the ever-changing world of healthcare, nurses need to be able to adapt and conform in order to keep up to the pace. According to Mugginess (2008) â€Å"research links BBS-educated Urns with improved patient outcomes† (p. 47). Research has shown that a BBS prepared nurse possess greater critical thinking skills thus better decision making which leads to a decrease risk of patient deaths and failure to rescue. Personally, having taken on the challenge to further my education has open many doors, along with awarding e greater insight to many processes involved in the ever changing healthcare arena. How to cite Essential Journal One, Papers

Learning Event of an Employee Induction and Its Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Learning Event of an Employee Induction and Its Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Emplyee induction is an essential part of human resource development and a legal obligation. A large number of global organisations are adopting to have employee induction online as its cost effective and easy to connect, communicate and fulfil training requriments. Employee induction is a process of receiving and welcoming new employees into the company (Armstrong, 2006, p. 471). In short, induction refers to the brief introduction of new employees to all departments, their activities, location, policies, and companys rules and regulations. The purpose of online induction is to empower new employees with knowledge of company (Mylan) values within flexible timeframe. Mylan global pharmaceuticals conducts an induction of new comers through e-learing. Employees now can benefit with a range of essential training such as Occupational Health and safety, office orientation, emergency evacuation process and employee development sessions. Company information such as organisations values, mission, vision as well as dos and donts are also part of employees induction. The learning outcome has been positive as employees can follow the company rules and regulations as well as respond to emergencies through given information in induction on their own appointed time. The induction is a well-structured training accessed through e-learning system. The presenter invites a group of 10-15 employees in a meeting room. Through computer screen sharing, PowerPoint slides, email information, including system login details the training is conducted successfully. The induction also includes a short clip of company profile, following by answering yes/No questions. At the end of training employees sign a completion induction form which is then kept for reference. Follow up induction is not required however if employees interested a refresher session is organized in due course. The employee induction key components are listed below, Occupational Health Safety Office Orientation Employee development sessions Emergency evacuation plan Although the staff induction is designed for new comers however existing employees are encouraged to participate as attending OHS and evacuation training will require to refresh. In addition the senior leadership team in Mylan pharmacy are passionate about the employees induction as it contribute in employees safety and ability to adopt in company culture. I believe the strategic significance of employee induction is to understand organization structure which increase the chances of retaining staff as well as maximize productivity. On every training session employees are provided feedback on how their understanding are and encouraged to provide feedback regarding the induction. Online induction is particularly beneficial for learners who are not so self-sufficient. Employee induction is a formal introduction to staff but most importantly empowers new starters to know their role better and understand what is required of them. There are two types of inductions professional and social. The professional induction focus with adaptability of new comers to job demands. However the social concerns relationship with co-workers and acceptance formally may not be ideal through an online training session. I work as a Human Resource manager in a pharmaceutical company. Under the health and safety guidelines, I introduced the new employee induction which include responding to emergency the evacuation, providing first aid, reporting hazards and office tour for introduction. The safety learning event resulted in a number of improvement as new starters are now aware of their safety obligation as well as understand the evacuation process. According to Jeff (2016) attending employee induction session is essential part of employees understanding the organisation. The employee induction is all about introducing staff to co-workers and understanding the office work environment which can be possible through face to face interaction, as such online induction may not be as effective. I think about this as a dangerous appearance of totalising talks that have ruled different orders like neglecting to put setting, newcomers' related involvements and work markets in the focal point of the examination when the e- induction takes place. Drawing nearer stimulation in an arranged and installed way empowers the employee also to know more about the of hierarchical prompting and the employer can also get to know more about the employees interests, characters, learning and experience. Moreover with a deeper analysis with my experiences- I was once invited to online compliance training in which the system got freeze and I could not proceed. Since there is no two way communication it makes it even harder to tackle the issue. The company operating procedure can be emailed to trainees however the orientation, office tour, meeting co-workers and basic needs such as where is the canteen, where are the restrooms, can be challenging through online induction as newly recruited staff also need to understand organisation expectations. In addition if online induction is set to explain everything online this can confuse staff and possibility result staff leaving the company. Online induction may not be able to facilitate desk to desk introduction. According to Martin (2016) office introduction is the foundation of productivity and hence cannot be ignored. The office inductions which are taken by different sets of people and HR managers can actually help the employee to get into the line of where the organization is going forward. As mentioned above even, an employee induction is somewhat the first interaction of the employee with the company after he/she got hired- And if in this process only there is no one to guide him/her- it leaves not a good workplace culture. Occupational health and safety is more than knowing hazards and risk around in the office. The online indcution may only cover the basic process of OHS such as processing hazards or risk assessment form, however fire evacuation will requrie step by step walk through the office. Incase of emergency in the buidling, fire alarm and bomb threat which requrie urgent building evacuation. Staff needs to know where are the meeting points/assembly area, fire doors that online induction can not facilitate. Here- this being such an important discussion, how it can be taught online, if there was no tour of the whole office and to get familarized with the exits in case of emergencies. As indicated by Snell, (2006) an actuation project ought to contain a component identifying with the association's data innovation. This will commonly include the designation of PC equipment and programming alongside essential rules for worthy utilization of these assets (Hacker, 2004; Pudhan, 2002; Snell, 2006). It is recommended that administrators meet with new representatives at key turning points from the get-go in their authoritative vocations with a specific end goal to follow up and evaluate the advancement of joining (D'Aurizio, 2007; Hamilton, 2007). These turning points might be time-bound (e.g. following one month, following three months, and so forth.) or they could be identified with early execution (e.g. after the main deliverable is finished, and after the principal customer contact, and so forth.). These gatherings ought to be casual, off site, in a social setting, as this empowers organizing and productive input in a non-debilitating environment (D'Aurizio, 2007). Before the new representatives begins working in the association, he/she ought to have the contact subtle elements of their immediate administrator and colleagues and all significant printed material for fulfillment could be supplied (D'Aurizio, 2007). These points of interest, in addition to data about strategies , systems and organization morals could be displayed to the new individual on a conservative circle. Colleagues furthermore, chiefs could be cautioned to the employees'starting date keeping in mind the end goal to welcome them. This all needs to be done only by the HR managers and while induction only- these things needs to be provided to him/ her else later- it will indulge everyone to give information- wasting a lot of time. But all of this will never happen if the managers doesnt meet them and didnt give the induction face to face. Employees are the main assests and they need to valued first. Human intervention will always ne needed in processes like these. In the end of online induction, I believe it is out of reach to determine learners setting on the other side of training are compliant and understood safety rules and regulations whereas the utmost benefits can be achieved through face to face attending training program. And as said utmost benefits can reached face to face- there should be a proper planning of inductions which includes everything about the organization. The experience mention of employee induction through e-learning is quite a development in field of HR but to make sure there is a sense of belongings in the employee, the organization needs to put in a lot of efforts like that of face to face induction. References Snell, A. (2006). Researching onboarding best practice. Strategic HR Review, 5, 3235. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14754390680000925 Hacker, C.A. (2004). New employee orientation: Make it pay dividends for years to come. Journal of Information Systems Management, 8992 Pudhan, S. (2002). Secure networks begin at staff induction day. Computer Weekly DAurizio, P. (2007). Onboarding: Delivering on the promise. Journal of Nursing Economics, 25, 228229. Hamilton, H. (2007). Onboarding secures talent for the long run. Journal of Workforce Management, 86, 1.

Biopol Essay Example

Biopol Essay BIOPOL. Biopol, commonly known as PHA is a member of a family of environmentally friendly performance plastics made from renewable sources. They are biodegradable and can be processed into molded goods which are useful in numerous applications for example water resistant coatings. If we continue to use petroleum to make polymers for plastic etc, we will eventually run out therefore Biopol has been introduced as a replacement polymer for petroleum. Biopol is made from a biological substance which is a microorganism known as Alcaligenes eutrophus. Properties; Biopol is stable when stored in air and even in humid conditions. The decomposition into carbon dioxide and water will only occur when they expose the polymer to microorganisms found in soil, sewage, river bottoms and other similar environments. Other properties include; * Insoluble in water * Good oxygen permeability * Good ultra violet resistance but poor resistance to acid and bases * Soluble in chloroform and other chlorinated hydrocarbons * Biocompatible and hence is suitable for medical applications * Melting point 175 °C Crystallinity can lie in a range of a few to 70% * Sinks in water * Non-toxic Applications/Uses; There are many potential applications for PHA within the medical and pharmaceutical industries mainly because of their biodegradability. Some of its uses include bone plates and bone plating systems, orthopedic pins, adhesion, bone marrow scaffolds, ocular cell implants etc. A PHA copolymer called PHBV is less stiff and tougher which therefore may be used as packaging material such as bottles and canisters. Development of Biopol; We will write a custom essay sample on Biopol specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Biopol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Biopol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the 1980s, the British chemical company, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was developed and created copolyester. It was sold under the name â€Å"Biopol† and was distributed in the US where it has been further developed. Biopol is a copolymer of hydroxybutyric and hydroxyvaleric acid which is achieved during the fermentation of sugars from sugar beet in the presence of bacteria that transforms glucose into polymer. Researchers in the industry are working on methods with which transgenic crops will be developed that express PHA synthesis routes from bacteria and so produce PHA as energy storage in their tissues. Another group of researchers at Micromidas Inc. is working to develop methods of produce PHA from municipal waste water. PHAs are mainly processed via injection, molding, extrusion into films and hollow bodies. In June 2005, a US company (Metabolix Inc. ) received an award for their development and commercialization of a cost-effective method for manufacturing PHAs. Evaluation; Biopol being biodegradable has benefited the society at a much greater level compared to materials made by petroleum. This is because, Biopol is easier to break down whereas plastic made from petroleum may take hundreds of years. Also, petroleum is non-renewable and therefore will eventually run out so Biopol would be a good replacement as it is made of natural organisms that can continue to reproduce. When Biopol is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, it is not harmful to the environment which again much better than the decomposition of materials made from polymers that originated as petroleum.

Cyrano de Bergerac essays

Cyrano de Bergerac essays Sword fighting, witty humor and the love of a beautiful woman are just a few of the ingredients for this classic play. Cyrano de Bergerac was written in 1897 by Edmond Rostand and is originally a French play. Edmond Rostand created his play based off of a real character name Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, who lived from 1619-1655. Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac was a French duelist and satirist. He was quoted having said, A large nose is the mark of a witty, courteous, affable, generous, and liberal man(Dunn). This dramatic play has been performed in the original sense as a tragedy, and in the comical view in more modern renditions. The two film versions of this play are the classic 1950s Black and white rendition, starring Jose Ferrer, and the modern 1980s rendition Roxanne, starring Steve Martin. This comparison of film to play, and film to film will indicate the validity and exigency of the 1950s Edmond Rostand play text of Cyrano de Bergerac. In the 1950 version of Cyrano de Bergerac the movie setting takes place in the French war with Spain. Cyrano is a soldier with an enormous nose that is fairly poor, but he is very witty and very quick with his tongue in tight situations. Roxanne is Cyranos independently wealthy cousin and he is madly in love with her. She does not see him in this light because at the time she is fixated on outward appearance. She is after Christian who is another soldier that was recently put under Cyranos command. This movie is filmed in black and white and has a great quality in the acting that fits for the movies age. The three scenes from this movie compared with the three text scenes, act 1 scene 1, act 2 scene 2, and act 3 scene 2 will let us discern what type of person Cyrano de Bergerac is and how his character is portrayed. In the first scene is the event of a confrontation between Cyrano and a wealthy noble at the playhouse. This scene is able to show the ch...

Are Domestic and International Marketing Dissimilar Article

Are Domestic and International Marketing Dissimilar - Article Example According to Hofstede (2010), culture refers to the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others. The culture of one country is distinguished from the other countries using the values of dimensions of the national cultures. She illustrated that power distance is a situation where there are differences in power holding in society. Power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept the unequal distributed power. This power distance may be experienced in Kuwait, and she gave an example of marriage and relationship and divorce in family structures. In every family in Kuwait, every member of the family knows the extent of power that one holds in that family. In the contribution, I suggested that the society’s level of power inequality is endorsed by the followers and leaders in the Kuwait society. She also talked about the individualism and collectivism as a value that distinguishes Kuwait from other countries. She illustrated that the wealth effect has produced some form of individualism and it is evident in the new generation. I concur with her because individualism is the degree to which individuals are not integrated into groups and their ties within the society are loose while collectivism is the situation where the society is integrated into strong, cohesive groups. I contributed by saying that in Kuwait everyone is expected to care for themselves including immediate family which is mostly experienced in the new generation while in the old generation people were expected to protect each other in the society. She gave an example of collectivism using the old generations like parents and grandparents who are close to each other thus in a long time ago the extended families lived together.

Communities of practice, their benefits and management challenges Essay

Communities of practice, their benefits and management challenges - Essay Example This paper will look into Communities of Practice, their benefits and a number of management challenges that they pose in a knowledge-based organisation. A community of practice has numerous benefits to an organisation. Organisations the world over have been utilising Communities of Practice for the last 2 decades in order to have sound knowledge-management systems. It is however important to note that CoPs have existed for centuries within management circles but their full formal attention in a modern organisational setup only emerged in the early 1990s. A CoP is comprised of a group of people willing to share their knowledge and expertise for a considerable amount of time. Organisations have used them to develop their human resources and encourage innovation and new approaches to problem solving. The intensifying of globalisation trends in the 1990s triggered heightened global competition. In order to survive firms are supposed to be creative and innovating which has driven them to appreciate the role that knowledge plays in organisational development. CoPs assist in diffusing knowledge and leverage a firm’s intellectual advantages. Knowledge-based organisations therefore require CoPs in developing their knowledge strategies. As such CoPs also have their limitations in respect to management of a firm. This paper will look into Communities of Practice, their benefits and a number of management challenges that they pose in a knowledge-based organisation. A community of practice has numerous benefits to an organisation. Formerly, many firms used information systems in knowledge management but the results were disappointing. CoP offers relatively new approaches where people interact and learn together. Due to the benefits that this approaches have most firms have adopted CoPs (Wenger and Snyder 2000). Some of the key benefits are as follows; Help with challenges It is clear that all firms experience challenges in their day-to-day running. However, these ch allenges need to be dealt with and a community of practice should be established to do just that. CoP solves problems by pooling of expertise, knowledge and skills from a number of employees. It is important to note that their winding down and eventual shutting down happens when problems they were dealing with are solved and consequently their purpose is fulfilled. Access expertise Organisations that treasure CoP are predominantly knowledge-based meaning that they require a great deal of expertise to carry out their tasks. In order to have a successful CoP its membership should be comprised of knowledgeable and experienced people. In case a firm is short of such workforce it is forced to source for them. In doing this a firm attains a pool of experts within its workforce which works to improve on its performance and profitability. Enhancement of team spirit Members in a community of practice need to work together to achieve set goals. They are not necessarily people who share the sa me ideals or beliefs but they are required to have similar interests in order to ensure a solid group (Llewellyn and Hindmarsh 2010). This facilitates teamwork in decision making and strategy formulation. Saving on cost an time of searching for information A CoP is established in order to deal with problems or to develop solutions. A small team is assembled which analyses the way forward. The smaller the team, the less the time they take in coming up with a solution. A small team is also easily managed and it is relatively cheap to maintain. This saves a great deal of time that inter-departmental meetings would have taken for consultations. It also offers time for the rest of the employee to continue with their normal duties while just a handful of them are picked to deal with pending issues (Wenger and Snyder 2000). The opportunity cost would be too high in taking many workers’ time in decision making. Improvement in quality of decisions A CoP is comprised of carefully selec ted people who bring to the table high-level skills and expertise. This assures the firm that the discussions made are meaningful and that decisions arrived at have high likeliness of being the best for the particular situation. Firms that have many CoPs tend to have better operational strategies which

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ntms Economics Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ntms Economics Essay What are non-tariff measures (NTMs)? As the term implies, any policy measures other than tariffs can be included in NTMs that can impact trade flows. At a broad level, NTMs can suitably be separated into three categories. A first category of NTMs are those imposed on imports. This category includes import quotas, import prohibitions, import licensing, and customs procedures and administration fees. A second category of NTMs are those imposed on exports. These include export taxes, export subsidies, export quotas, export prohibitions, and voluntary export restraints. These first two categories encompass NTMs that are applied at the border, either to imports or to exports. A third and final category of NTMs are those imposed internally in the domestic economy. Such behind-the-border measures include domestic legislation covering health/ technical/ product/ labor/ environmental standards, internal taxes or charges, and domestic subsidies. Types of Non-Tariff Barriers The non-tariff measure include of some constraint to trade. Here are some examples of the popular NTMs Licenses A document which is issued by a national government allowing the importation of certain goods into its area is called an import license. Import licenses are believed to be non-tariff barriers to trade when it is used to distinguish in opposition to any other goods of another country so as to guard a local industry from foreign competition. The volume of import allowed is specified in each license, and the total volume allowed should not go above the quota. Importing companies can buy the licenses at a competitive price,  or simply a fee. However, it is said that this distribution method endow with encouragement for political lobbying and  corruption. certain restrictions can be imposed on imported goods as well as the amt of imported goods. Quotas A quota is a quantity restriction used in international trade, usually on imports, but it could also be on exports, focusing on licensing of the foreign trade that is nearly related to quantitative restrictions. This category includes global quotas-a system that protects domestic industries by being restrictive on the cost of international trade- and seasonal quotas. Quantitative controls on foreign trade transactions are done through one time license. Quantitative restriction on exports and imports is a direct administrative type of government regulation of foreign trade. Quotas and licenses restrict the independence of enterprises in respect of entering the foreign markets, narrowing the range of countries, and also minimize the range of countries for transaction in case of certain commodities. However, it turns out to be that the system of quota and licensing exports and imports whilst establishing firm control over foreign trade in some particular goods, happen to be more supple and of use than economic instruments of international trade regulation. This is defined by the fact, that licensing and quota systems are a key instrument of trade regulation which is an important part of the world. The result of this trade barrier is seen in the loss of consumer due to an increase in prices and limited selection of goods. An import quota controls the volume of many commodities that can be imported in a country during a specific period of time. An export restricts a certain amount of goods that can leave the country. The reason for imposing of export quota by country is due to the control of goods that is fundamental to the country and the manipulative price found on international level. Embargo   The incomplete or  entire exclusion of commerce and trade with a particular  country, in order to isolate it is called embargo.   A strong political measure imposed in an effort, by the  imposing country, to remove a given national-interest result from the country on which it is imposed is considered as embargoes. It is same as  economic sanctions and is often taken as legal barriers to trade, not to be confused with obstructions, which are usually taken to be acts of war. The same principle is used for most trade barriers: the obligation of some kind of cost on trade that increases the price of the traded  goods. If many nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, then a  trade war results Subsidy   A subsidy is a type of financial support paid to  a business or  economic sector. The  government makes most subsidies to  producers or distributors in an industry to stop the decline of that business or a boost in the prices of its goods or plainly to persuade  it to employ more labor. Some examples of subsidies to  encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep  down the cost of living, especially in cities; and  subsidies to support the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance  in food production Import deposits Import deposits is a type of deposit required importers to put a certain of money in an account for a significant period of time whose purpose is to guarantee that import duties will be paid, or the deposit may simply be a non-tariff barrier intended to discourage imports. Why NTMs The drastic rise in the use of non-tariff barriers stemmed largely from the WTO new rules about reduction in tariff use, which formed part of the WTOs mission to ensure free trade across the globe. While the WTO rules do allow for the use of NTBs in some circumstances, the specifications about when they can be used are very strict such that they can only be employed for purposes such as to guarantee health, safety or sanitation, or to safeguard non-renewable natural resources. Should NTMs be used for other purposes, they are deemed to be ways of evading free trade rules. Apart from the WTO, such rules, which are set to curb the use of tariffs as they are threats to free trade, are also laid out by institutions like the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Another reason for the transition from tariffs to NTMs is that many countries, especially developed ones, do not have to rely on tariffs as a source of funding anymore, like they did in their early stages of development. They can afford to switch to other trade barriers that do not involve tariffs, but that still provide them with a means to regulate international trade. Moreover, NTBs allow these countries to help weak industries or provide compensation to those industries that have been adversely impacted by the WTO laws on reduction of tariffs. Also, it is a logical way for countries to respond to the reduction of tariffs since it has been declared that tariffs are no more to be used, NTBs offer traders an alternate method of influencing the market. Thus, NTBs can be quite similar to tariffs, apart for a few exceptions. After the laws of tariff reduction were enacted during the eight rounds of negotiations in the WTO and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), those who persisted in believing in the concept of protectionism have turned to NTBs. In fact, most of the NTMs can be defined as protectionist measures. In short, NTBs can be thought of as a new means of protection which has replaced tariffs as the old method of protection. Advantages and Disadvantages of NTMs Advantages Since the main purpose of NTMs is protectionism, the advantages of NTMs will also mainly be those of protectionism. Non-tariff barriers help protect the development of new industries against foreign rivals. If foreign industries compete with domestic industries that are not developed enough or large enough yet to take advantage of economies of scale, then NTBs, such as import quotas, can protect the infant industry from too much competition through its maturing stages until it can compete on its own. Similarly, NTMs also offer protection to certain economies against foreign countries that are interested to trade with them only because they know that the domestic economies will not be able to face competition from them and will eventually collapse, leaving them a monopoly of the domestic market. An example of such unfair trading is dumping. The barriers to trade protect the domestic economies from such countries with an unfair relative advantage. It is believed that the use of NTBs can result in increased domestic employment. Since foreign firms create jobs abroad, NTBs such as import quotas, reduce imports, make domestic production rise instead, and thus create domestic employment. Also, reducing imports from countries with cheaper labour levels the competition compared to the higher wages being paid for local production. NTBs, moreover, by cutting down imports, help countries boost those local industries that are concerned with the national security and also those industries which help give the country economic independence. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of NTMs is that they hinder free trade and the benefits that accompany the latter. The protectionist aspect of NTBs discourages competition from bigger industries and also from foreign countries. While this might help domestic firms and industries to grow at first, in the long run, it in fact dampens future growth. This is because, due to the lack of competition, domestic firms can then afford to provide a narrow choice of goods to customers, to lower the goods quality, and to raise their prices. Because of this inefficient production, there is also no more incentive for the firms to strive for constant innovation and excellence. Thus, ultimately, NTBs do not help in the future growth of firms. There is another way in which NTMs drive up the prices of goods in the domestic economy. By restricting access to foreign countries where goods could be made more cheaply, more resources have to be employed domestically itself to make the same goods at a higher price. Also, while free trade allows countries to benefit from the concept of comparative advantage, the use NTMs prevents countries from enjoying these benefits. If countries specialise only in the production of goods in which they have a competitive advantage, this allows each country to produce at the minimum prices. This efficiency in production benefits all parties to the trade. However, NTMs, by restricting trade, do not help in achieving that goal. The use of NTBs can also result in trade wars. By raising trade barriers against a foreign country, the latter can decide to do the same in retaliation. The imports and exports of both countries are thus restricted, and this greatly reduces the markets open to them, lowering their scope for growth and efficiency. If many countries across the world engage in these trade wars, global trade and economic activity will suffer drastically. These retaliations can also quickly spread beyond the source of conflict and affect the countries other economy policies as a way to retaliate. It can be seen that all participants can take advantage of free trade through efficiency of the market, for instance, increased choice and reduced prices. However, non-tariff measures also have their uses and are necessary in certain conditions. There must be a balance between the quest for efficiencies and the use of barriers to trade. EFFECTS OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES (NTMS) Effects on trade It is generally assumed that NTMs have negative effect on trade, even if it has been elusive for quantitative assessment. Sometimes, these policy measures are referred to as barriers, when the emphasis is made on the difficulties an exporter may have to comply with them. In fact, NTMs can hinder exports for countries or companies when they are not able to pay the cost of adapting their product or production process to the norm of a trade partner. Then, another less competitive exporter may be able to take on a restrictive market if it complies with that regulation. NTMs would be trade distorting in this case. However, NTMs may also facilitate trade when they reduce asymmetries in information between consumers and producers, for example about the quality or safety of the product. The effort of complying with NTMS could also help countries to upgrade capacities, (or mitigating institutional deficiencies for monitoring and enforcing regulations, in words of van Tongeren, Begin, Marette, 2009) in which case the ultimate development impact is positive for the exporting country. On the importing countrys side, NTMs could reduce negative externalities, for example in the case of environmental threat or food safety. Effects on Price A quota is defined as an upper limit on the number of units of a commodity that can be imported into a country. When such a restriction is imposed, domestic consumers are prevented from buying an imported good, the supply of which is no longer perfectly elastic as it would have been in a free trade situation resulting in a rise in the price of the product. This can be better explained using a demand and supply diagram as follows: In a situation where there is free trade and no barriers to trade are imposed then at the world price of wp domestic producers will supply Q1 and Q1-Q2 will be imported, i.e, equilibrium quantity will be at Q1. The supply curve to the domestic market will be denoted by the curve ABws. The effect of imposing a quota will be to limit the amount of imported goods. Let us suppose that the quota cut imports from Q1-Q2 to Q1-Q3. A new supply curve can now be drawn incorporating the amount of the quota (Q1-Q3). The world price wp no longer acts as the supply curve but instead the latter is represented by the curve ABCSS. we can nothe that the new equilibrium will be at E and the new equilibrium price will be at pq. It is clear that price has risen from the implementation of quota. This is explained by the fact that the supply of the commodity is now restricted causing a slight increase in the price of the commodity. The extent of the increase will depend on the quota imposed. The lower the quota, the higher will be the price. A simple example can be taken to explain the above theory. Suppose you have milk imported freely into a country and account for 50% of the domestic demand. If government imposes a quota on the amount that can be imported, the supply of milk will fall giving rise to a shortage. This shortage will exert pressure on price which will finally rise to eliminate that shortage and restore the equilibrium. Effects on society Another measure is embargo. This is a complete ban on imported product. Such a measure can be imposed to protect the society as whole. For example, a country may ban or severely curtail the importation of things such as harmful drugs, pornographic literature and live animals. Had embargoes not imposed on such products, society would suffer enormous damage as they have high level of negative externalities Effects on multinational Import quotas generally have a negative impact on multinational companies. These enterprises such as Nike and General Motors are intensively engaged in international trade as domestic consumption only cannot meet their high targets. When a quota is imposed on their goods by a major buyer, MNCs must find other markets to supply their products, otherwise they will have to cut production and profits figure will suffer. Effects on employment However, import quotas affect positively domestic employment. The fall in imports will divert demand to local suppliers and the latter will have to increase production to cover the gap which foreign products used to occupy. This applies to domestic supplies that have the capabilities and were unable to compete internationally. In order to boost production, they will have to recruit more people. This will have a multiplier effect in the economy giving rise a lower unemployment rate and higher economic growth. How globalisation is affecting NTMs? Globalisation is a process by which countries are linked altogether in a peaceful manner as view to only one planet. In technical terms, it is described as being a process by which national and regional economies, societies and cultures have all been united via global network of trade, communication, immigration and transportation. Hence a worldwide movement towards economic, financial, trade and communications integration. Recently, globalization expanded its field to other activities such as social areas. At present, globalization also considers culture, media, technology, socio-cultural, political and biological factors. The evolving nature of NTMS has gained an important place in international trade today. More recently, it has been considered in the annual World Trade Report of 2012. Most trade agreements clearly speaks of tariff reductions whereby leaving less than halfway entrance for NTMs. It has nonetheless the capacity to reduce the effectiveness of tariff reductions upon agreement. NTMs have ever since in its introductory mode been driven by multiple policy motives and are still subject to change. These policies in themselves have evolved through the years as countries forged agreements and became interdependent through globalization. NTMs has become a necessity not only to protect domestic industries but to the globalized world as a whole. Globalisation raised changes in countries among which are increased social awareness, growing concerns regarding health, safety and environmental quality which led to increase in NTMs. For the better understanding of the impact of globalization on NTMs, trade in goods and services were considered. Examples of regulatory measures are Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary measures in goods and regulations in services which have recently cropped up. These measures do not have a direct influence on trade but have a strong influence on trade agreements and amount of trade between countries. Some say that NTMs have been encouraged via globalization for a viable peace. Public policy can thus enhance trade flows in a positive or even negative way. Trade in services has evolved in recent years and is no longer similar to traditional trade. New policies came into fo rce to handle these new trends. Globalisation relates to WTO. Trade in services has the relatively same importance as trade in goods for good networks between countries. The WTO knows they hold the same weight in international production affairs and hence measures to restrict trade and competition in the services market that could affect more than the sector directly concerned. Examples where cases are most suited are infrastructural services, spill-over effects on other services and goods. Unlike in the past when NTMS role were solely to protect domestic producers from foreign competition, nowadays NTMs are more to do with public policy objectives. These policies not only consider protectionism but also take precaution measures. In the sector of health and environmental services, NTMS were recently boosted in numbers. NTMS were found not to be an easy task to be observed and quantified, however with globalization, WTO observes that NTMS are meant to have a long stay with their several arrangements between countries which adds to the main agreements. The emerging in change of NTMs with time is not protected against negative effects. NTMs may in other words reduce benefits gained from the main agreement, for example negate some tariff reductions. Moreover, non-tariffs measures have a long list of measures which are also difficult to quantify and also sometimes are invisible in the agreements. In addition to that, those measures are not regular to all countries that it is served and to that, their effect sometimes bring distortions in agreements between sectors and countries. Globalisation is known to have brought changes or complete change in more than one country structure and future. It has greatly changed policies of countries and to that NTMs continue to be evaluated and are still expanding. Quoting from the WTO Director General: Regulatory interventions addressing market failures and international spillovers, with inevitable consequences for trade flows and investments are here to stay. The foremost thought, hence, of NTMs is that it will not have a decreasing or reducing effect on the tariffs agreements between countries. As deducted from above, globalization does not only bring positive results onto a country trade flow. As globalization strengthens alliances amongst nations, NTMs continue to be on the rise in their arrangements. NTMs may also be used as a tool to restrict trade flows in the case of where some countries might be oligopolies of certain commodities on the global market. Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary measures is said to be the source of last resort for some developing countries since it impacts the worst results on them. The reason is that these countries may be differently structured and may not be able to meet those criteria mentioned in the measures. Though, globalization intensify the relationship between countries does bring both good and bad results, harmonious plans between countries may help to reduce the negatives effects. Globalisation has neared most of countries and consequently has brought help where such measures were not easily identified. In simple terms, it has allowed experiences to be shared in recognition and quantitation. In the light of the above, globalization not only brought amendments in NTMs but also has greatly influenced its use in countries. NTMs Measurement Measuring non-tariff barriers remained one of the confusing answered questions for a long time enough. This is mainly because of their inconsistency in countries where they are applied. As these by themselves cannot be measured, their affiliations are quantified to give a result as the measurement of NTMs as a whole. Typologies of the affiliations are: frequency measures, price-change measures, quantity measures, rates of assistance, and indices deflators. A brief discussion of these measures is now to be listed and considered below. Frequency measures Laird Yeats (1990) exposed two frequency measures, namely, frequency ratio and import coverage ratio. Both of them are based on calculation of ratio of commodity lines subject to at least one NTM in total number of lines for the respective group of trade flows. The frequency ratio can be calculated by formula: where Ni is category i of commodity in trade group; Di is dummy variable, Nt is general number of categories in trade group, i.e. i = 1,,T . Dummy variable is used as indicator of NTM: where Di = 1, in good in category i is subject to at least one NTM; otherwise Di = 0. In import coverage ratio, value of imports of commodities subject to at least one NTM is used as a weight instead, unlike the frequency ratio. That way, time factor is considered and it also helps to evaluate the importance of the NTM for the whole trade. B. Price-change measures NTMs often influence price and cause change. Under this section, a measurement on evaluation of changes in price due to the introduction of NTMs is considered. Unlike other measures, it allows direct comparison between impact of tariff and non-tariff trade barriers. Price-change measures are commonly used in international trade theory and a formula was derived; influence of trade restrictions in terms of price and quantity changes. Deardorff Stern (1997) used the most known type of price-change measures which is tariff equivalent. In other words, it is calculated as growth in commodity price before and after use of NTMs. Despite all its positive characteristics, price change as a sole indicator for NTMs of a country is not sufficient. Moreover, the impact of NTMs on change on price is difficult to be taken out of any factors affecting prices. C. Rates of assistance Rates of assistance can be broken down into two types; nominal and effective rate of assistance. Nominal rate of assistance is founded on calculation of a rise in the gross returns from production resulting from protective measures. The effective rate of assistance is the most commonly used and can be calculated as follows; ; where VAN is value added in case when the NTM are applied, and VAB is value added under free trade. These measures fit theories perfectly, nonetheless have drawbacks as it requires mass information that is not always available. The effective rate of assistance is faced with another problem which is to differentiate between the different NTMs in its calculation. D. Indices deflators Anderson and Neary were the first ones who brought the application of trade barriers to both tariffs and non-tariffs measures. They constructed two indices; mercantilist trade restrictiveness index and trade restrictiveness index. These are defined as deflators and when applied to undistorted prices are to produce the same trade volume (mercantilist index) or same real income (for trade restrictiveness index) as the initial set of trade distortions (Anderson Neary, 1996; Anderson Neary, 1999). Application of this method, however, yields problem of collection of necessary prices and differentiation of the impact of NTM from other changes. To summarize all measures are good enough for measurement of general NTMs level in a country. However, criteria, benefits and drawbacks of the different methods must be cared when choosing for specific countries. Conclusion GATT takes on a particular and modest approach to handling NTMs. That approach developed over time, and with the formation of the WTO, the handling of NTMs evolved further still.   Tariffs for goods production were decreased during the eight rounds of negotiations in the WTO and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). After reducing of tariffs, the principle of  protectionism  demanded the introduction of new NTMs such as technical barriers to trade (TBT). Increasing consumer demand for secure and environment friendly products also have had their impact on increasing popularity of TBT. Many NTMs are administered by WTO agreements, which originated in the Uruguay Round, as well as GATT articles. NTMs in the field of services have become as significant as in the field of usual trade. The requirement to protect sensitive to import industries, as well as a wide range of trade restrictions, available to the governments of industrialized countries, forcing them to resort to use the NTM, and putting serious obstacles to international trade and world economic growth. Thus, NTMs can be referred as a new of protection which has replaced tariffs as an old form of protection.

Portrait of a Teacher

Portrait of a Teacher A teacher is supposed to be the image a child gets of learning new things- mostly non-academic. The portrait the child has of the teacher determines how well they get to understand the concepts they are taught in class. The teacher should ensure that their activities and conduct are in accordance with the portrait of the teacher so as to improve how students perceive learning. One trait that the teacher is supposed to portray is that of a person who understands how to solve problems and more so how do solve them using critical thinking.This means that in a class, the students will be keen to see how the teacher solves new problems that arise. To the students this is a sign of how good their teacher is. It should be noted that problem solving and critical thinking as pertaining to this trait goes beyond the academic things. For example when a teacher is dictating letters of the alphabet in an elementary class and then a bumble bee flies in, the children will be d istracted but how the teacher reacts to this distraction is a test of how well they can solve problems.In such a case, the teacher can pause what they were saying and explain something new about the bee. The same would be expected of the teacher if an animal such as a spider, which children fear, is spotted in class. The teacher would be expected to stay on top of the situation and calm the students. Critical thinking by itself is a process that demands a person to ensure that their way of thinking is devoid of any emotional bias; and this should be the case in a teacher. In all situations they should ensure that rationale and logic prevails above emotion.At times this demand to act devoid of any emotion conflicts with what a teacher may want or is good for them. For example, when a slight earthquake shook our school while I was in eighth grade, we all ran towards the teacher and clang onto her. This by itself limited her chances of escaping in case anything happened. This example i s one of the reasons why I believe that at times, the demands placed on the teacher are conflicting with what is good is for them. As a teacher I will strive to ensure that I promote a democratic environment in my classes.I will do this by ensuring that I involve the students in making decisions that affect them and in which I believe that their participation in decision making will not compromise the quality of education they get. This is necessary as it would help in making the students feel responsible and for their education and hence calling for their increased participation. For example in high school our math teacher used to ask us to set the date when we wanted to take a continuous assessment test.This was different from other teachers who set the dates for us. What happened is that we all put a lot of emphasis in studying for math as we did not want to fail for an exam we had decided when it would be given to us. This is the kind of democracy that I intend to promote in my classroom as it will help improve student performance by motivating them to take charge of their lives at an early age. This is important as most students end up finishing college while they are still looking up to their tutors to make decisions for them.So when there are no tutors around, the students end up making wrong decisions as they were not well prepared for decision making in school. What a teacher portrays is useful in determining the quality of education the student gets. I intend to portray a good image and to ensure that my students see me as a symbol of critical thinking and problem solving. I also intend to promote democracy in my classroom to ensure that my students are well motivated and also learn how to take charge of their lives.

Challenging Obstacles for Immigrants

Many people migrate to the USA for several reasons, to get better life. As we all know the USA is highly developed economically and technologically, and it can become a different world to most immigrants. Thus, immigrants face various challenges during the first and second year of their entrance in to the USA. Among the challenges, language, getting a job and culture are common for most of immigrants. The first challenge for immigrants is the language barrier. Since English is the second or third language for most immigrants, they face a lot of problems to communicate. Although, immigrants have some knowledge of English, the pronunciation of most words is different. So they can’t understand and communicate very easily. Furthermore, the accent of native speakers, Mexicans, Black Americans, and Chinese is different. This complicates the communication and creates stress for immigrants. For example, I came to the USA recently. I have some knowledge of English, but when I took my kids to the hospitals, go to shopping, and even when I was applying to this college, I found people who use different pronunciation and accent. Sometimes, I heard 50% to 90% of what people said and likewise they were not able to understand me, even though I was talking in English. As a result, â€Å"I’m sorry†, â€Å"say again†, â€Å"pardon† were my day to day words I used and heard for a couple of months. Therefore, language is the first big challenge that all immigrants face. The second challenging obstacle for immigrants is getting a job. Since language is a problem for immigrants, most of them failed in job interviews. Even though they are educated and professionals in their home country, it costs and takes time for their education to be accepted here. Thus, getting a job is tough. Especially now, following the economic crisis of the world, there are many layoffs and getting a job is like a miracle to most immigrants. In addition, the jobs available for immigrants are manual labor jobs that are tiresome. These jobs may also have fewer hours and surely have minimum pay. Therefore, immigrants will be forced to find another tiresome job to cover their living expenses. But getting another job is another worry for immigrants. Here I am going to give my husband’s experiences. As soon as we reached America and got our social security numbers, my husband tried to search and apply for jobs. After several months and trial, he got a part time job with minimum wage. His salary is not enough to cover our expenses, and now he is searching another job, but none has been found. Thus, following the language barrier, getting a job is a big challenging to immigrants. Culture is the third challenge that immigrants face here. Immigrants have their own cultures and living styles in their home country. The culture of dressing, talking, eating, social life etc†¦ is different here from immigrants’ home country. For example, here man and woman can kiss on the lips anywhere, but this is taboo in my country, Ethiopia. Another example is the way girls’ dress, here girls can wear whatever they like such as shorts and mini dresses. However, in my country, this is not accepted and girls should wear clothes that don’t expose their body. Thus, they should wear shorts and dresses which are below to their knees. The other thing here people eat their food anywhere; they can even eat walking on the street. However, in my country people, especially girls, cannot walk on the street while eating or drinking. There are several customs here that are counted as taboo in my culture. Therefore, the cultural differences make immigrants to be confused and shocked until they accustomed to it. As time passes, immigrants will manage and defeat the obstacles through several exposures and practice. Then, after passing through the obstacles, immigrants will enjoy a better life and even be in higher positions like senators, vice-presidents and also president of America.